AFP and neoplasm: In addition, we built a clinical diagnostic model by combining CA50, CA19‐9 and AFP, and the AUCs of the MODEL 1 were 0.885 (training cohort: 95% CI 0.856–0.915, specificity 70.3%, sensitivity 84.0%) and 0.879 (validation cohort: 95% CI 0.841–0.917, specificity 76.7%, sensitivity 84.3%), which were higher than those of the above serum tumor markers alone (Figure 4A,B).