AGER and Alzheimer disease: This process is aggravated by an increase in the expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), transporting aβ from the circulation to the brain.[292, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320] In addition, lower levels of the transporter protein GLUT1 are found in AD patients, which are associated with vascular degeneration and reduction in glucose levels.[321] More details on physiological transporter mechanisms can be found in Section 5.4.