Similarly, topical application of DS in the AD mouse model improved the disease, involving reduced serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL1β, and IL6) and Th2-dependent cytokines (IL4 and IL10), but no changes in the levels of IFNγ and IL2 after the induction of AD or application of DS [33]. Here, IFNG is linked to Alzheimer disease.