Then, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and the increase of respiratory enzymes, leading to the improvement of mitochondrial and lipid metabolism [522,523] as a target for the prevention or treatment of MS and various diseases such as diabetes and CVD [523,524,525]. Here, PPARGC1A is linked to diabetes mellitus.