Immunosuppressive conditions were found in 52% (16/31) of adult patients: immunosuppressive or biologic agents (long-term corticosteroid therapy, anticancer chemotherapy, methotrexate and anti-TNF alpha), malignant lymphoid hemopathies and solid organ cancer, kidney transplant, autoimmune disease, diabetes, hepatitis cirrhosis, alcoholism and HTLV-1 infection (Table 2). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is alcohol dependence.