ACTA1 and open-angle glaucoma: Increased levels of TGFβ in the anterior segment of the eye induce fibrotic changes in the TM in glaucoma (POAG and XFG) including altered turnover of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, formation of cross-linked actin networks (CLANS), upregulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), aberrant formation of actin stress fibres and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) [12,17,18,69,70].