Stimulation of MDSCs in cancer patients is mostly driven by tumour-derived growth factors such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), VEGF, and IL-6 [44,45]. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is neoplasm.