Kalla et al identified 15 proteins, including IL-6 and OSM which function independently of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling, which were significantly associated with the need for treatment escalation in patients with IBD.12 Recently, a study13 explored the effect of conventional treatment with EEN or oral prednisolone against infliximab on 92 IRPs in children with CD. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and inflammatory bowel disease.