The gene expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in periodontal tissues of mice with periodontitis was significantly upregulated compared to normal mice, while the gene expression of IL-1β and TNF-α decreased in the YW002 group compared to the periodontitis group, with an even more significant decrease observed in the PEI-CS/YW002 group (Fig. 6i). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and periodontitis.