CD28 and neoplasm: We observed that Mac_C1 enriched the T cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathways (such as TCR signaling, phosphorylation of CD3 and TCR zeta chains, and downstream TCR signaling), MHC class II antigen presentation, Fc gamma receptor dependent phagocytosis, co-stimulation by the CD28 family, as well as PD-1 signaling (Fig. 4G), which could promote immune escape of the tumor cells [27].