The MIBC IHC results (Fig. 9A) showed significantly higher protein expression levels of RGS2, ADAM19, FOSL1, COL5A1, SERPINF1, SERPINB3, KRT5, MMP3, and VGLL1 in BLCA samples compared to paired non-cancerous samples. This evidence concerns the gene FOSL1 and bladder transitional cell carcinoma.