TNF and leishmaniasis: A. Cytokines involved in promoting host protection against leishmaniasis were induced by cGLP LdCen1−/− in HVL individuals. Cytokines (IL-2, IL-12, IL-13, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IP-10, IL-17, MCP-1 and IL-1β) that play an important role in protecting leishmaniasis (Th1 response), were measured in PBMC supernatants.