Indeed, pathogenic variants or deficiency of TGF-β pathway genes, including TGFB2, TGFB3, TGFBR1, TGFBR2, and SMAD3, confer risks for aortic destruction and thoracic aortic aneurysm formation (42). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is thoracic aortic aneurysm.