Accumulating evidence highlights that upregulated TGF-β levels during aortic aneurysm may serve as an adaptive response to maintain aortic strength, and the blockade of TGF-β by neutralizing antibody could promote the development and rupture of aortic aneurysm in experimental aneurysm models (14, 16, 18). Here, TGFB1 is linked to aortic aneurysm.