A study also points to TRF’s ability to improve insulin resistance in a diabetic animal model via the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and AMP-activated protein kinase/ Sirtuin 1/ Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-α (AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1α) pathways. Here, IRS1 is linked to Insulin resistance.