PDX1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Moreover, we observed a significant upregulation of miR-193b-3p, which was predicted to target PAX4, and PDX1. In addition, miR-193b-5p, was highly predicted to target RFX6, NKX6.1, MAFF, and MAPK3. Additionally, we observed an upregulation of miR-143-3p, which were predicted to target SLC30A8, MAPK3, and IAPP. Our study also identified several upregulated miRNAs associated with T1D, and T2D, including miR-372-3p [47], miR-100-5p [48], miR-152-5p [49], and miR-1269b [50].