In support of a role of NRF2 in OSA, it has also been found that restoration of NRF2 activity can mitigate cognitive impairment and inflammation in a model of IH and sleep fragmentation by modulating ER stress and regulating the expression of the antioxidant gene Prdx1 (Qiu et al. 2023). Here, NFE2L2 is linked to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.