Disorders such as ADCY5-associated disease; tumor-related chorea; Wilson disease; developmental chorea; Lesch-Nyhan syndrome; cerebral palsy or others where chorea is associated with progressive neurological and cognitive dysfunction can be differentiated from those related to NKX2-1 mutations (Patel and Jankovic 2014 [updated 2023]). The gene discussed is ADCY5; the disease is Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.