In a pediatric ICU, the rate of CRPA among VAP samples was 52%, and risk factors for the infection included length of stay until the diagnosis of VAP, presence of central venous catheters, prior use of cefepime, ciprofloxacin, colistin, and teicoplanin.95 Furthermore, in a study of VAP in the ICU of three hospital centers in 2020, CRPA isolates showed high resistance for both imipenem and meropenem, with respectively 74% and 68%, and were most likely to exhibit upregulation of efflux pumps or porin loss.61 This evidence concerns the gene VDAC1 and ventilator-associated pneumonia.