Furthermore, icariin alleviates neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of mice with depression by inhibiting the high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1)/receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) signaling pathway and activating the X-box binding protein 1 spliced (XBP1s)/NF-κB signaling pathway (Liu et al., 2019). Here, XBP1 is linked to depressive symptom measurement.