IL6 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Xiang et al. demonstrated that serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly reduced in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome after gavage of a mixture of SCFAs (acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid), suggesting that SCFAs could inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors to alleviate acute respiratory distress syndrome (Xiang et al., 2022).