The studies in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury, acute liver injury, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis showcase innovative approaches involving HO-1-modified BMSCs and MSC-EVs, emphasizing their potential in overcoming challenges related to donor shortages and offering insights into the Nrf2/NQO-1 pathway in NASH. Here, NQO1 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.