MMP12 and osteosarcoma: Studies also demonstrated that IL13 and IL4 induce M2-phenotype macrophage polarization in the osteosarcoma microenvironment, impacting tumor cell invasiveness and metastatic capability, with MMP12 and other factors secreted by M2-phenotype macrophages playing a crucial role in osteosarcoma dissemination (All-Trans Retinoic Acid Prevents, 2020).