CX3CL1 and cancer: However, the role of CX3CL1 in OSCC is not well understood and has been subject to controversy.CX3CL1 exhibits markedly different effects in different types of tumors, especially in OSCC, where research is limited and whether it promotes or inhibits cancer remains unclear (Li et al., 2020; Kavarthapu and Gurumoorthy, 2021).