NOS2 and intracranial hypertension: Therefore, considering the TNF-α/NF-κB/iNOS pathway as an important pathway of neuroinflammatory response and oxidative–nitrative stress, inflammatory response and oxidative–nitrative stress after intracranial hypertension of TBI may induce corresponding cerebral vascular changes, thus inducing the formation of DBS or intraoperative cerebral hernia.