It is of particular note that the combination of anti-PD-L1 with anti-TIGIT reduced mixed cSCC growth and boosted CD8+ and NK cell activity to a greater extent than did single ICB treatments (Fig. 6k–o and Supplementary Fig. 7k–o), highlighting that mouse cSCCs formed of epithelial and mesenchymal cancer cells should be treated with combined therapies to address both cancer cell components. This evidence concerns the gene TIGIT and cancer.