Furthermore, we utilized 5 algorithms from the Cytoscape plugins (MCODE) to identify 5 hub genes (HSP90AB1, NEDD8, RPLP0, UBB, and UBC) among the 999 common DEGs and further validated the expression of 5 hub genes in both SLE and HF samples using the human SLE (GSE122459) dataset and the human HF (GSE196656) dataset. Here, UBC is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.