By targeting key immune checkpoint molecules like programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), ICIs have the capacity to stimulate T cells and activate the immune system, enabling it to target and kill cancer cells (11). This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and cancer.