The release of these pro-inflammatory substances induces the recruitment of monocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages into the infected tissue, which in turn secrete IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α (181, 185), generating a concentrated medium of Reactive Oxygen Substances (ROS), which contribute to viral pathogenesis and by producing damage in the tissue surrounding the infection (185). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is infection.