PDCD1 and cancer: Notably, we found MMP score were upregulating PD-1 (R > 0.8) and cancer proliferation (R > 0.8), but downregulating carcinogenic activation pathways, such as Wnt pathway (R < -0.8), epithelial cell proliferation (R < -0.8) and TGF-β pathway (R < -0.8) in EC patients (Figure 6H).