Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), particularly the M2 phenotype, are known to contribute to tumor progression by promoting angiogenesis, enhancing cancer stem cell properties, and inhibiting the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) through the secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.