A meta-analysis determined that the combination of WC and TF levels can be effectively used to assess CKD risk (29), and there is also cross-sectional evidence suggesting that MetS or chronic inflammation are related to renal impairment, with a particularly strong link between low-grade inflammation and stage 3+ CKD in individuals with MetS, whereas the same was not true in individuals without MetS (30). Here, TF is linked to chronic kidney disease.