On the other hand, in a genetically engineered mouse model of prostate cancer with inducible prostate-specific deficiency in the Pten tumour suppressor gene (which is frequently lost in human prostate cancers), combined prostate-specific deficiency in Atg7 led to a delay in prostate tumour development and growth of both primary and castrate-resistant tumours (Santanam et al., 2016). Here, PTEN is linked to prostate cancer.