AR and Familial prostate cancer: The non-surgical standard of care for advanced prostate cancer is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) (Parker et al., 2020), due to the pivotal role the androgen receptor (AR) plays in prostate cancer progression (Ferro et al., 2021), and radiation therapy (Parker et al., 2020), which causes cell death through either direct or indirect nuclear DNA damage via the generation of free radicals (Zou et al., 2017; Chaiswing et al., 2018) (Figure 1).