Adding to the complexity, other studies performed in prostate cancer cell lines reported that AR efficiently blocks mTOR-inhibitor-induced generation of autophagosomes (Jiang et al., 2012), and in another study, androgens were found to decrease serum starvation-induced LC3-II flux and mRFP-GFP-LC3 flux via upregulation of the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone glucose-regulated protein 78/BiP, with the effect of AR being linked to counteraction of starvation-induced cell death (Bennett et al., 2010). The gene discussed is MTOR; the disease is prostate carcinoma.