In the androgen-responsive LNCaP prostate cancer cell line, it was found that androgen deprivation or treatment with the anti-androgen bicalutamide (an AR antagonist) led to accumulation of GFP-LC3 puncta and the presence of double- and multi-membrane structures, as assessed by electron microscopy (Boutin et al., 2013). This evidence concerns the gene AR and Familial prostate cancer.