NFKB1 and alkaline phosphatase measurement: As observed here, sitagliptin treatment alleviated AP symptoms on the cellular and molecular level possibly by interrupting signaling pathways that could include but not limited to the earlier identified signaling pathway for sitagliptin, NFκB (Satoh-Asahara et al., 2013; Higashijima et al., 2015), resulting in a global modulation of the inflammatory cytokines’ profile.