INS and diabetes mellitus: American Diabetes Association recommends initiation of basal insulin as a first choice to achieve target fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels in individuals with uncontrolled glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) following >3 months of triple combination therapy, those with an HbA1c >10%, those with blood glucose levels >300 mg/dL, and those exhibiting symptoms of hyperglycemia or catabolic events [28].