Further comparison between the strength of upstream regulator predictions in males and females revealed that the other proinflammatory factors [94–96] most associated with inflammaging – IL-1B, IL-6, and TNFα – all have statistically greater predictions of activation in male 3xTg-AD brains, with z-scores three to 15-fold larger than that of females. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is Alzheimer disease.