ACLF is a severe condition occurring in patients with cirrhosis, which is defined by hepatic and/or extrahepatic organ failures.110 Peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from patients with HBV-associated ACLF had higher expression of ASC, NLRP3, pro-CASP1, pro-IL1B mRNA, and higher serum protein levels of ASC and NLRP3 compared to patients with HBV without ACLF.111 In patients with HBV-ACLF, peripheral monocytes show a distinct pro-inflammatory phenotype and, importantly, their response to pathogens is impaired over time, suggesting progressive systemic immune paralysis.112. Here, NLRP3 is linked to Cirrhosis.