IL1B and fatty liver disease: Counterbalancing the pro-inflammatory effects of alcohol would prove quite challenging since human clinical trials with TNF-α antibodies were discontinued due to the increased incidence of infectious complications.93 On the other hand, targeting IL-1 signalling with an IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in ethanol-fed mice led to a reduction in serum transaminases, liver steatosis and damage, and improved survival compared with saline-treated, alcohol-fed controls.90