Patients with AH display higher serum IL-1β compared to healthy controls.104 On liver biopsy of patients with AH, activation of the non-canonical CASP-4/GSDMD pathway was demonstrated, with increased mature GSDMD levels compared to patients with ALD and healthy controls.106 Importantly, liver biopsies of patients with ALD cirrhosis showed increased expression of CASP1, IL1B and IL18, which also positively correlated with the severity of the histologic liver disease and the expression of other pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and fibrotic genes.134. This evidence concerns the gene GSDMD and liver disorder.