Estriol treatment in the MS model reduced hippocampal atrophy and cerebral cortex atrophy, while decreasing neuropathology therein.6,7 Studies of estriol treatment in MS women using an 8-mg dose to induce mid-pregnancy serum levels demonstrated improved cognitive processing speed, reduced cerebral cortex atrophy, and decreased serum neurofilament light chain levels, each as compared to placebo treatment and within 12 months.8, –10. This evidence concerns the gene NEFL and Cerebral cortical atrophy.