In the context of AD, astrocytic NF-κB is responsible for promoting the expression of multiple disease-relevant molecules, such as aquaporin-4 (AQP4)7,30–32, YKL-40 (also known as chitinase 3-like protein 1)33,34, interleukin-6 (IL6)21,35,36, nerve growth factor (NGF)37,38, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)39–41, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)40,42,43, glutamate transporter-1 (GLT1)44–47, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2)48–50, and apolipoprotein E (ApoE)13–16,51. Here, TNF is linked to Alzheimer disease.