We also found associations between SMIM1−/− and increased leptin to adiponectin ratio (LAR) (β^=0.53, FDR = 2.58e−02), and an increase in free fatty acids (β^=1.18, FDR = 1.43e−06), two indices of increased fat mass and insulin resistance (Figures 2A and 2B).10,11 LAR (a marker for obesity and metabolic state12,13) increase was determined by an increase in leptin (β^=0.38) and a reduction in adiponectin (β^=−0.37), albeit with p values slightly above the defined significance level (0.06 and 0.09, respectively). Here, LEP is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.