VEGFA and diabetic macular edema: Laser therapy can close leaking microaneurysms, induce endothelial repair, seal non-perfused areas, reduce VEGF expression, improve macular microcirculation, suppress vascular leakage, and reduce edema and exudation, ultimately achieving the goal of treating DME.[45,69] The Ranibizumab Monotherapy or Combined with Laser versus Laser Monotherapy for Diabetic Macular Edema (RESTORE) study in 2011 demonstrated the significant superiority of anti-VEGF drug therapy in terms of visual acuity outcomes.