TNF and COVID-19: Recent studies have reported that cases of severe COVID-19 exhibit increased plasma levels of interleukin (IL) 2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), tumor necrosis factor ɑ (TNF-ɑ), and others.[32,33] Thus, elevated CRP at admission may both reflect significant inflammation and itself drive further inflammation.