The anti-apoptotic effects of luteolin can be mediated via several mechanisms such as reducing the levels of caspase-3 and − 9 and improving the B-cell lymphoma protein 2/Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bcl-2/Bax) ratio, as it was reported in in vitro models of AD [61] and PD [62], as well as in vivo models of AD [63, 64] and PD [65, 66]. The gene discussed is BAX; the disease is Parkinson disease.