TGFB1 and cancer: HOXA9 expression in various immune subtypes of each cancer type was assessed using the TISIDB database, categorizing immune subtypes into six groups based on the TISIDB algorithm: wound healing (C1), IFN-gamma dominant (C2), inflammatory (C3), lymphocyte depleted (C4), immunologically quiet (C5), and TGF-β dominant (C6).