Whereas the precise mechanism governing how SseM and DAPC function to regulate the outcome of Salmonella infection requires follow-up work, it is intriguing to note that DAPC regulates the cytoskeletal network (38) and SteC targets MEK/ERK and formin-like proteins (FMNL1/2/3) to polymerize actin (36, 47), and both effectors restrain Salmonella replication in BMDMs. This evidence concerns the gene FMNL1 and Salmonella Infections.