By utilizing the 12 SNPs associated with cathepsin O, we discovered that elevated levels of cathepsin O can decrease the risk of BPH (OR=0.94, 95%CI=0.89–0.98, p-value=0.00553) through the implementation of IVW techniques (Table 2; Supplementary Table 1; Supplementary Figure 1). Here, CTSO is linked to benign prostatic hyperplasia.