INS and diabetes mellitus: Multiple regression analysis was adjusted sequentially for Mode 1 (gender, age, BMI, duration of diabetes, hypertension, smoking history, and drinking history), Mode 2 (Mode 1 and HbA1c, fasting C-peptide, fasting insulin, and eGFR), and Mode 3 (Mode 2 and Ca2+, Mg2+, PTH, and serum lipids).