Correspondingly, the expression of Havcr1 and Lcn2 increased rapidly after AKI, whereas transforming growth factor beta 1 (Tgfb1), vimentin (Vim), and actin alpha 2, smooth muscle (Acta2) significantly elevated at late stages after AKI, confirming the successful construction of the AKI to CKD transition model (Figure 1F). Here, ACTA2 is linked to chronic kidney disease.