TNF and diabetes mellitus: Cinnamaldehyde, exhibits a broad pharmacological spectrum, influencing diverse diseases through intricate mechanisms, targeting a wide array of diseases from inflammation to bacterial infections, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, etc. Its anti-inflammatory effects are rooted in inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and reducing pro-inflammatory mediators like interleukins and TNF-α, beneficial for treating gastritis, ulcerative colitis, and rheumatoid arthritis.