CTSS and Parkinson disease: In our multivariate Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis evaluating the influence of different cathepsins as exposures on PD, following the screening of 9 cathepsins using a rigorous threshold of p = 5 × 10−6, r2 = 0.001, and kb = 10,000, subsequent refinement procedures encompassing deduplication, clumping, and harmonization culminated in the identification of 10 SNPs as IVs for the MVMR analysis.