These include those genes involved in cancer-associated pathways such as TP53, WNT, Notch, TGF beta/BMP, RAS, MAPK, PI3K-AKT and Hedgehog signalling as well as pathways impacting proliferation, survival and cell death including cell cycle regulators, mitotic checkpoint genes, mitochondrial metabolism, DNA damage responses and apoptosis. The gene discussed is TP53; the disease is cancer.